What is a Martello Tower?

Martello towers originated in Italy as coastal fortifications designed to signal the approach of pirate ships. These small, round forts were typically manned by a modest garrison and equipped with artillery to defend strategic coastal points. The design was later adopted by the British in the 19th century for coastal defense.

The Bulls Island Martello Tower: A Historical Beacon

The structure on Bulls Island is thought to be the remains of such a fort. Historical accounts suggest that the tower was manned by “one white man and two Sewee or other neighboring Indians.” In the event of a pirate sighting, the watch would fire three consecutive cannon shots to warn nearby English vessels and neighboring families. The men would then paddle into the marshes behind the island to hide from the invaders.

Most Martello Towers are made from stone, with thick walls to offer defense. The Bulls Island fort was made materials that could be found on the island: oyster tabby and wood. Oyster tabby is a concrete made from burning oysters to create lime, then mixing with water.  Derived from the Spanish tabique de ostión which translates to “wall of oyster”, tabby was widespread in coastal Georgia and South Carolina.

This photo of the Tybee Island, Georgia Martello Tower, built in 1815,  shows an example of a wood and tabby Martello Tower.

During the Civil War, it was used as a fort for Confederate soldiers, and perhaps as a prison to hold Union troops.  On December 28, 1862, a Union cutter was deployed to destroy the old fort, including the magazine room.

Visiting the Martello Tower Ruins

Exploring the remnants of the Martello tower offers a tangible connection to the island’s early history. Situated near Jack’s Creek, all that is left is the crumbling remains of the tabby footprint.

To get there from the dock on Bulls Island, walk up Beach Road and turn left onto Old Fort Road.  This will take you to the Martello Tower footprint by Jack’s Creek.

Preserving the Past Amidst Natural Splendor

As you traverse Bulls Island, it’s essential to respect and preserve both its natural and historical treasures. The Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge protects this unique ecosystem, ensuring that future generations can experience its wonders.

Whether you’re a history enthusiast, nature lover, or both, Bulls Island offers a unique opportunity to delve into South Carolina’s coastal heritage. Join Coastal Expeditions on a journey to this remarkable island and immerse yourself in the stories etched into its landscape.